Calculator inputs
Multiple-case comparison
Compare several voltage and distance combinations without submitting the main form.
| Voltage | Voltage unit | Distance | Distance unit | Electric field | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100,000 V/m | |||||
| 5 V/m |
Formula used
Uniform electric field
E = |ΔV| / d
Signed potential gradient
Eₓ = −ΔV / Δx
Reverse relationships
ΔV = E × d
d = |ΔV| / |E|
One volt per meter equals one newton per coulomb. These units describe the same electric-field magnitude.
How to use this calculator
- Choose the calculation mode matching your known values.
- Enter voltage, distance, field, or endpoint values.
- Select the correct units for every input.
- Add uncertainties or dielectric properties when needed.
- Choose output precision and number formatting.
- Press Calculate and review formulas, steps, and warnings.
Example data
| Voltage difference | Separation distance | Electric field | Material | Typical use |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 V | 0.01 m | 1,200 V/m | Air | Low-voltage spacing example |
| 1 kV | 10 mm | 100 kV/m | Air | Electrode gap comparison |
| 5 V | 1 µm | 5 MV/m | Custom dielectric | Micro-scale device estimate |
| 30 kV | 1 cm | 3 MV/m | Air | Ideal breakdown comparison |
Important assumptions
The basic equation assumes a uniform electric field. Real electrodes may create strong local field concentrations. Edge effects become important near plate boundaries.
Dielectric strength changes with material condition and environment. Temperature, pressure, humidity, contamination, and defects can matter. Always confirm safety using applicable engineering standards.
Frequently asked questions
Can voltage alone determine electric field?
No. A distance or spatial potential gradient is also required.
Why is the signed formula negative?
Electric fields point toward decreasing electric potential.
Are V/m and N/C equivalent?
Yes. Both units represent the same electric-field quantity.
Does dielectric constant change E?
For fixed plate voltage and spacing, ideal E remains V divided by d.
What does relative permittivity affect?
It affects electric displacement, capacitance, and stored energy density.
What is dielectric strength?
It is the approximate field where insulation may break down.
Why can real breakdown occur earlier?
Defects, humidity, pressure, sharp edges, and contamination raise local stress.
What does automatic scaling do?
It selects V/m, kV/m, or MV/m for clearer display.
Can this replace professional insulation design?
No. It provides ideal calculations for preliminary analysis only.