Formula Used
Trees = Effective area ÷ (tree spacing × row spacing)
Trees = Effective area ÷ (tree spacing × row spacing × 0.866025)
Trees = Effective area × trees per square metre
Tree spacing = √(area per tree ÷ spacing ratio ÷ pattern factor)
Purchase quantity = Rounded trees × (1 + mortality% + replacement% + extra%)
How to Use
- Select whether you need tree count, spacing, or required area.
- Choose the plot shape and enter its measurements.
- Add setbacks, headlands, paths, and unusable land deductions.
- Select a planting pattern and enter spacing values.
- Choose a preset or keep fully custom spacing.
- Add mortality, replacement, and purchase allowances.
- Enter optional project costs in pounds sterling.
- Review results, preview the layout, then export them.
Example Data
| Scenario | Area | Tree spacing | Row spacing | Pattern | Approximate density |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Small dwarf orchard | 2,000 m² | 2.5 m | 4 m | Rectangular | 1,000 trees/ha |
| Standard fruit orchard | 1 hectare | 6 m | 7 m | Rectangular | 238 trees/ha |
| Hexagonal grove | 1 hectare | 6 m | 6 m | Hexagonal | 321 trees/ha |
| Timber plantation | 5 hectares | 3 m | 3 m | Square | 1,111 trees/ha |
| Windbreak | 200 m row length | 2 m | 3 m | Three rows | About 303 trees |
Frequently Asked Questions
What is tree-to-tree spacing?
It is the distance between neighbouring trees within one row.
What is row-to-row spacing?
It is the distance between adjacent planting rows.
Why does triangular planting fit more trees?
Offset rows use land more efficiently than a square grid.
Should boundary setbacks be included?
Yes. Setbacks protect access, fences, roads, drainage, and neighbouring land.
How are headlands handled?
The calculator removes headland space before estimating usable planting area.
Are tree presets exact recommendations?
No. Variety, rootstock, soil, machinery, and climate can change spacing.
What does land efficiency mean?
It compares usable planting area with the original gross plot area.
Why add a mortality allowance?
It provides replacement stock for trees lost during establishment.
Can this calculator plan windbreaks?
Yes. Select the windbreak pattern and enter the row count.
Can I use acres and feet?
Yes. The calculator converts supported length and area units automatically.
Does the visual preview represent exact survey coordinates?
No. It is a scaled planning guide for layout comparison.
Planning Disclaimer
This calculator provides planning estimates only. Confirm spacing with local horticultural, forestry, irrigation, and equipment requirements. Survey irregular sites before marking permanent planting positions.