Calculation result
Step-by-step calculation
Standard batch comparison
| Batch size | Stock solution | Water | Mixing ratio | Target |
|---|
Formula used
The main dilution equation is shown below. It requires compatible concentration bases. Confirm technical data before converting concentration types.
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
V₁ = (C₂ × V₂) ÷ C₁
Water volume = V₂ − V₁
How to use this calculator
Select the calculation mode matching your task. Enter verified label concentrations and compatible units. Review every warning before preparing the mixture.
- Choose a preparation, ratio, verification, scaling, or mass mode.
- Enter the stock strength from the current product label.
- Select concentration, volume, mass, and ratio interpretation units.
- Enter target quantities, batch counts, and optional allowances.
- Calculate, then review quantities and step-by-step working.
- Export the result only after checking safety requirements.
Ratio interpretation guide
A 1:9 bleach-to-water ratio contains ten total parts. One part is bleach, while nine parts are water. The bleach-to-total ratio therefore becomes 1:10.
| Expression | Meaning | Bleach fraction |
|---|---|---|
| 1:9 bleach:water | 1 bleach part plus 9 water parts | 1/10 |
| 1 in 10 total | 1 bleach part within 10 total parts | 1/10 |
| 1:10 bleach:water | 1 bleach part plus 10 water parts | 1/11 |
Example data table
These examples demonstrate compatible percentage calculations only. They assume approximately additive liquid volumes. Real instructions may require regulated procedures.
| Stock | Target | Final volume | Bleach | Water | Approximate ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5% | 0.5% | 1 L | 100 mL | 900 mL | 1:9 |
| 6% | 0.1% | 1 L | 16.67 mL | 983.33 mL | 1:59 |
| 8.25% | 0.5% | 5 L | 303.03 mL | 4.697 L | 1:15.5 |
| 10% | 1% | 20 L | 2 L | 18 L | 1:9 |
| 12.5% | 0.2% | 1 gal US | 60.57 mL | 3.725 L | 1:61.5 |
Safety and limitations
- Never combine bleach with ammonia, acids, or other cleaners.
- Wear suitable gloves and eye protection when required.
- Use good ventilation and chemically compatible containers.
- Label every prepared solution with strength and date.
- Keep products away from children, animals, heat, and sunlight.
- Do not assume old bleach retains its original concentration.
- Do not use drinking-water presets without official instructions.
- Very small quantities require calibrated measuring equipment.
Frequently asked questions
What does sodium hypochlorite percentage mean?
It describes the stated concentration under a particular basis. Weight and volume percentages can represent different quantities. Always confirm the basis shown on documentation.
How does the dilution formula work?
The formula conserves the amount of active material. Stock concentration and volume equal final concentration times volume. Units must remain compatible throughout every calculation.
What is the difference between 1:9 and 1-in-10?
They describe the same bleach fraction when defined clearly. Both contain one bleach part within ten total parts. Ambiguous wording often causes dangerous measuring mistakes.
How do I convert percentage to ppm?
One percent equals ten thousand ppm under compatible assumptions. Density and concentration basis can affect exact conversions. Use verified technical values for critical work.
Can I mix bleach with vinegar?
No, acids can release hazardous chlorine-containing gases. Vinegar and many toilet cleaners are acidic. Never combine them with sodium hypochlorite products.
Can household bleach strengths differ?
Yes, products may contain different stated concentrations. Formulations can also vary by region and purpose. Read the current container label before calculating.
Why is product density included?
Density connects mass measurements with liquid volume. It becomes important during weight-based solution preparation. Obtain density from reliable product technical documentation.
Does diluted sodium hypochlorite lose strength?
Strength can decline during storage and unfavorable conditions. Heat, sunlight, contamination, and time can accelerate degradation. Follow official preparation and replacement schedules.
Can this calculator guide drinking-water treatment?
Only official emergency instructions should guide drinking-water treatment. Products and required doses differ substantially. Consult the responsible public-health authority before dosing.
Why must I follow the product label?
The label identifies approved uses and precautions. It may specify concentrations, contact times, and protective measures. Calculator arithmetic cannot replace legally required directions.
What measuring equipment should I use?
Use equipment suited to the required quantity. Graduated cylinders improve accuracy for moderate liquid volumes. Calibrated tools are essential for tiny quantities.